The fatal poisoning of a California resident who had ordered a Vietnamese herbal ointment for hemorrhoids online is a recent example of lead — a dangerous and toxic metal — showing up in imported products. The list in recent months has included items ranging from apple sauce, ground cinnamon and bracelets to sippy cups, water bottles and dark chocolate. 

Local officials issued a public health alert after a woman in Sacramento developed severe lead poisoning and died after using a hemorrhoid ointment from Vietnam called Cao Boi Tri Cay Thau Dau. The California Department of Public Health tested a sample of the ointment and found it contained what it described as "a highly dangerous amount of lead," or 4%, according to the county's alert.

The deceased woman had purchased the ointment on Facebook, and it was mailed to the U.S. by a relative in Vietnam, the agency stated in a news release. It was not immediately clear if people can buy the ointment directly in the U.S. But any consumers with the ointment should stop using it and get their blood tested for lead, California health officials advised.

The product is marketed primarily through Facebook groups in Vietnamese as a so-called "miracle" treatment for hemorrhoids, according to a post by California's Calaveras County Public Health.

FDA tips on prescription drugs and OTC products

"We encourage consumers to remain vigilant, understand the risks, and talk to a health care provider about questions related to prescription drugs and over the counter products, including topical ointments. Additionally, we encourage consumers to research any online pharmacy before using its services," the Food and Drug Administration stated in an email.

The FDA provides tips for buying medicine online, as well as warning signs that an online pharmacy may be an unsafe website. We recommend consumers check out the FDA's BeSafeRx page for more information BeSafeRx: Your Source for Online Pharmacy Information | FDA.

According to the agency, an online pharmacy is likely safe if it:

• Always requires a doctor's prescription
• Provides a physical address and telephone number in the United States
• Has a licensed pharmacist on staff to answer your questions
• Is licensed with a state board of pharmacy

Conversely, an online pharmacy may be an unsafe website if it:

• Does not require a doctor's prescription
• Is not licensed in the United States and by your state board of pharmacy
• Does not have a licensed pharmacist on staff to answer your questions
• Sends medicine that looks different than what you receive at your local pharmacy, or arrives in packaging that is broken, damaged, in a foreign language, has no expiration date or is expired
• Offers deep discounts or prices that seem too good to be true
• Charges you for products you never ordered or received
• Does not provide clear written protections of your personal and financial information, or sells it to other websites

Lead ban has its limits

Lead-based paints have been banned in the U.S. since 1978, but the metal can show up when paint peels or cracks in homes built before then, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yet lead can also be found in some products such as toys, jewelry, candies or traditional home remedies and has shown up in drinking water and in soil contaminated by industrial and other sources, the agency said. 

The metal has been found in certain spices imported from countries including Vietnam, India and Syria, and has also been found in powders and tablets given for ailments from arthritis to menstrual cramps, the CDC noted.

The first three months of the year has seen a discomforting number of consumer warnings and/or recalls of products tainted with the toxin, including croquet sets made in India and sold on Amazon, jewelry made in China and sold at Skechers stores nationwide and child tiaras embedded with lead-tainted rhinestones, that were made in China and sold on Amazon.

Advocacy groups have long sounded alarms about lead. A study released in September by international nonprofit Pure Earth found excessive levels of lead in 18% of more than 5,000 consumer and food products from 70 marketplaces in 25 countries.

"Lead pollution knows no boundaries," Richard Fuller, Pure Earth's president, said in a statement announcing the study. "Our research indicates that hundreds of millions of people have elevated blood lead levels due to continuous, long-term exposure to household lead sources increasing serious health risks across lifespans. More people are dying from cardiovascular disease caused by lead exposure than by cholesterol."

Long-term exposure to even small amounts of heavy metals can lead to a slew of health issues, including developmental problems and brain development in young children, experts say.

Most people do not show obvious immediate symptoms of lead exposure, but prolonged exposure to the metals is considered unsafe. Exposure to lead in utero, infancy and early childhood can lead to harmful neurological effects like learning and behavior disabilities and lowered IQ. For adults, chronic lead exposure is linked to kidney dysfunction, hypertension and neurocognitive effects.

Kate Gibson

Kate Gibson is a reporter for CBS MoneyWatch in New York.